Chemical formula: C₁₇H₂₁NO₄ Molecular mass: 303.353 g/mol PubChem compound: 446220
Cocaine is a tropane alkaloid with central nervous systems (CNS) stimulating and local anesthetic activity. Cocaine binds to the dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine transport proteins and inhibits the re-uptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine into pre-synaptic neurons. This leads to an accumulation of the respective neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft and may result in increased postsynaptic receptor activation. The mechanism of action through which cocaine exerts its local anesthetic effects is by binding to and blocking the voltage-gated sodium channels in the neuronal cell membrane. By stabilizing neuronal membranes, cocaine inhibits the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses and produces a reversible loss of sensation.
This medicinal substance has been classified in the anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) classification according to its main therapeutic use as follows:
| ATC code | Group title | Classification |
|---|---|---|
| N01BC01 | Cocaine | N Nervous system → N01 Anesthetics → N01B Anesthetics, local → N01BC Esters of benzoic acid |
| R02AD03 | Cocaine | R Respiratory system → R02 Throat preparations → R02A Throat preparations → R02AD Anesthetics, local |
| S01HA01 | Cocaine | S Sensory organs → S01 Ophthalmologicals → S01H Local anesthetics → S01HA Local anesthetics |
| S02DA02 | Cocaine | S Sensory organs → S02 Otologicals → S02D Other otologicals → S02DA Analgesics and anesthetics |
Competent medicine agencies globally have authorized commercialization of this active ingredient according to these medication package inserts (MPIs):
| Title | Information Source | Document Type | |
|---|---|---|---|
| COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE Solution | Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (GB) | MPI, EU: SmPC |
Cocaine is an active ingredient of these brands:
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Note the following: The list of brand names is continuously updated, and thus does not include the total of products circulating worldwide. |
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