TONIN

This brand name is authorized in Singapore

Active ingredients

The drug TONIN contains a combination of these active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs):

1 Guaifenesin
UNII 495W7451VQ - GUAIFENESIN

Guaifenesin is an expectorant the action of which promotes or facilitates the removal of secretions from the respiratory tract. The precise mechanism of action of guaifenesin is not known; however, it is thought to act as an expectorant by increasing the volume and reducing the viscosity of secretions in the trachea and bronchi. In turn, this may increase the efficiency of the cough reflex and facilitate removal of the secretions. Guaifenesin is over-the-counter drug for the treatment of cough and common cold.

Read about Guaifenesin
2 Noscapine
UNII TTN62ITH9I - NOSCAPINE HYDROCHLORIDE

Noscapine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid from plants of the poppy family, without painkilling properties. Noscapine is often used as an antitussive medication. Noscapine can increase the effects of centrally sedating substances such as alcohol and hypnotics. Noscapine, and its synthetic derivatives called noscapinoids, are known to interact with microtubules and inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Mechanisms for its antitussive action are unknown, although animal studies have suggested central nervous system as a site of action. Furthermore, noscapine causes apoptosis in many cell types and has potent antitumor activity against solid murine lymphoid tumors (even when the drug was administered orally) and against human breast and bladder tumors implanted in nude mice. Antifibrotic effect of noscapine based on novel mechanism, which it shows through EP2 prostaglandin E2 receptor-mediated activation of protein kinase A.

Read about Noscapine

Medicine classification

This drug has been classified in the anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) classification system as follows:

ATC code Group title Classification
R05FA02 Opium derivatives and expectorants R Respiratory system → R05 Cough and cold preparations → R05F Cough suppressants and expectorants, combinations → R05FA Opium derivatives and expectorants
Discover more medicines within R05FA02

Authorization and marketing

This drug has been assigned below unique identifiers within the countries it is being marketed:

Country Identification scheme Identifier(s)
Country: SG Health Sciences Authority Identifier(s): 09666P

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