ICD-10 Specific code C43.0: Malignant neoplasm: Malignant melanoma of lip

Dactinomycin is an antineoplastic antibiotic derived from Streptomyces parvullus. Stable complexes are formed with DNA through intercalation and DNA-dependent RNA synthesis is selectively inhibited. Protein and DNA synthesis are inhibited to a lesser extent.

Ipilimumab is a CTLA-4 immune checkpoint inhibitor that blocks T-cell inhibitory signals induced by the CTLA-4 pathway, increasing the number of reactive T-effector cells which mobilize to mount a direct T-cell immune attack against tumour cells. CTLA-4 blockade can also reduce T-regulatory cell function, which may contribute to an anti-tumour immune response.

Nivolumab is a human immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) monoclonal antibody (HuMAb), which binds to the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor and blocks its interaction with PD-L1 and PD-L2. Nivolumab potentiates T-cell responses, including anti-tumour responses, through blockade of PD-1 binding to PD-L1 and PD-L2 ligands. In syngeneic mouse models, blocking PD-1 activity resulted in decreased tumour growth.

Pembrolizumab is a humanised monoclonal antibody which binds to the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptor and blocks its interaction with ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2. The PD-1 receptor is a negative regulator of T-cell activity that has been shown to be involved in the control of T-cell immune responses.