Active Ingredient: Tirofiban
Tirofiban is indicated for the prevention of early myocardial infarction in adult patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes without ST elevation (NSTE-ACS) with the last episode of chest pain occurring within 12 hours and with ECG changes and/or elevated cardiac enzymes.
Patients most likely to benefit from Tirofiban treatment are those at high risk of developing myocardial infarction within the first 3-4 days after onset of acute angina symptoms including for instance those that are likely to undergo an early percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Tirofiban is also indicated for the reduction of major cardiovascular events in patients with acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) intended for primary PCI.
Tirofiban is intended for use with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and unfractionated heparin.
For this indication, competent medicine agencies globally authorize below treatments:
Intravenous
0.1 - 0.4 ug per kg of body weight
From 0.1 To 0.4 ug per kg of body weight once every day
0.4 ug per kg of body weight
0.1 ug per kg of body weight
In patients who are managed with an early invasive strategy for NSTE-ACS but not planned to undergo angiography for at least 4 hours and up to 48 hours after diagnosis, tirofiban is given intravenously at an initial infusion rate of 0.4 microgram/kg/min for 30 minutes. At the end of the initial infusion, tirofiban should be continued at a maintenance infusion rate of 0.1 microgram/kg/min. Tirofiban should be given with unfractionated heparin (usually an intravenous bolus of 50-60 units[U]/ kg simultaneously with the start of tirofiban therapy, then approximately 1,000 U per hour, titrated on the basis of the activated thromboplastin time [APTT], which should be about twice the normal value) and oral antiplatelet therapy, including but not limited to ASA, unless contra-indicated.
In NSTE-ACS patients planning to undergo PCI, within the first 4 hours of diagnosis or in patients with acute myocardial infarction intending for primary PCI, tirofiban should be administered utilizing an initial bolus of 25 microgram/kg given over a 3 minute period, followed by a continuous infusion at a rate of 0.15 microgram/kg/min for 12-24, and up to 48 hours. Tirofiban should be administered with unfractionated heparin (dosage as above) and oral antiplatelet therapy, including but not limited to ASA, unless contra-indicated.
In patients who are managed with an early invasive strategy for NSTE-ACS but not planned to undergo angiography for at least 4 hours and up to 48 hours after diagnosis, tirofiban 0.4 microgram/kg/min loading dose regimen should be initiated upon diagnosis. The recommended duration of the maintenance infusion should be at least 48 hours. Infusion of tirofiban and unfractionated heparin may be continued during coronary angiography and should be maintained for at least 12 hours and not more than 24 hours after angioplasty/atherectomy. Once a patient is clinically stable and no coronary intervention procedure is planned by the treating physician, the infusion should be discontinued. The entire duration of treatment should not exceed 108 hours.
If the patient diagnosed with NSTE-ACS and managed with an invasive strategy undergoes angiography within 4 hours after the diagnosis, tirofiban 25 microgram/kg dose bolus regimen should be initiated at the start of PCI with the infusion continued for 12-24 hours and up to 48 hours
In patients with acute myocardial infarction intended for primary PCI, the 25 microgram/ kg dose bolus regimen should be initiated as soon as possible after diagnosis.
Treatment with unfractionated heparin is initiated with an i.v. bolus of 50-60 U/kg and then continued with a maintenance infusion of 1,000 U per hour. The heparin dosage is titrated to maintain an APTT of approximately twice the normal value.
Unless contra-indicated, all patients should receive oral antiplatelet agents, including but not limited to ASA, before the start of tirofiban. This medication should be continued at least for the duration of the infusion of tirofiban.
Most studies investigating the administration of tirofiban as an adjunct to PCI have used ASA in combination with clopidogrel as oral antiplatelet therapy. The efficacy of the combination of tirofiban with either prasugrel or ticagrelor has not been established in randomised controlled trials.
If angioplasty (PCI) is required, heparin should be stopped after PCI, and the sheaths should be withdrawn once coagulation has returned to normal, e.g. when the activated clotting time (ACT) is less than 180 seconds (usually 2-6 hours after discontinuation of heparin).
Tirofiban should only be given intravenously and may be administered with unfractionated heparin through the same infusion tube.
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