ATC Group: R02AB Antibiotics

Fusafungine is a cyclic depsipeptide antibiotic from Fusarium lateririum used for the treatment of nasal and throat infection including sinusitis, rhinitis, rhinopharyngitis, angina, laryngitis, and tracheitis. Fusafungine consists of a mixture of enniatins and showed bacteriostatic activity against a suite of microorganisms, such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Besides its bacteriostatic activity against most micro-organisms involved in respiratory tract infections fusafungine displays original anti-inflammatory properties. Fusafungine has multiple mechanisms of action, including downregulation of the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and inhibition of production of proinflammatory cytokines.

Gramicidin is an antimicrobial cyclic polypeptide active in vitro against many gram positive bacteria like Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, but not well against gram-negative ones like E.coli.

Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and acts by binding to polysomes, inhibiting protein synthesis and generating errors in the transcription of the genetic code.

Tyrothricin is a circular polypeptide with antibiotic and bacteriostatic activity. It is effective against gram-positive bacteria.