ATC Group: V03AX Other therapeutic products

The World Health Organization's ATC classification organizes medical drugs based on therapeutic properties, chemical composition, and anatomy. It helps make essential medicines readily available globally and is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry.

Position of V03AX in the ATC hierarchy

Level Code Title
1 V Various
2 V03 All other therapeutic products
3 V03A All other therapeutic products
4 V03AX Other therapeutic products

Group V03AX contents

Code Title
V03AX02
V03AX03
V03AX04

Active ingredients in V03AX

Active Ingredient Description
Benserazide

Benserazide (also called Serazide or Ro 4-4602) is a peripherally acting aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase or DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor, which is unable to cross the blood–brain barrier.

Carbidopa

Carbidopa is a peripheral aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor. It prevents metabolism of levodopa to dopamine in the peripheral circulation, ensuring that a higher proportion of the dose reaches the brain, where dopamine exerts its therapeutic effects. A lower dose of levodopa can be used when it is coadministered with carbidopa, reducing the incidence and severity of peripheral side effects.

Cilastatin
Cobicistat

Cobicistat is a mechanism-based inhibitor of cytochromes P450 of the CYP3A subfamily. Inhibition of CYP3A-mediated metabolism by cobicistat enhances the systemic exposure of CYP3A substrates, such as darunavir, where bioavailability is limited and half-life is shortened due to CYP3A-dependent metabolism.

Difelikefalin

Difelikefalin is a selective kappa opioid receptor agonist with low central nervous system penetration. The pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus is thought to be multifactorial, including systemic inflammation and an imbalance in the endogenous opioid system (e.g., overexpression of mu opioid receptors and concomitant downregulation of kappa opioid receptors). The activation of kappa opioid receptors on peripheral sensory neurons and immune cells by difelikefalin are considered mechanistically responsible for the antipruritic and anti-inflammatory effects.

Eucalyptus oil

When the vapour is inhaled eucalyptus oil acts to ventilate the bronchial passages and relieve bronchitis and associated conditions. It is also a rubefacient.

Ginseng

The standardised ginseng extract G115 raises the general level of cellular activity, which is expressed by a pronounced increase in the physical and mental capacity.

Hesperidin
Nalfurafine
Papain

Papain is a proteolytic enzyme extracted from the raw fruit of the papaya plant (Carica papaya). Papain catalyzes the breakdown of proteins by hydrolysis (addition of a water molecule).

Ruscus aculeatus

Related product monographs

Title Information Source Document Type  
KAPRUVIA Solution for injection European Medicines Agency (EU) MPI, EU: SmPC
TYBOST Film-coated tablet FDA, National Drug Code (US) MPI, US: SPL/PLR