PEMACOMB

Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), the coenzymatic form of thiamine, is involved in two main types of metabolic reactions: decarboxylation of α-ketoacids (e.g. pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate and branched-chain keto acids) and transketolation (e.g. among hexose and pentose phosphates). Therefore, the principal physiological role of thiamine is as a coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism, where TPP is required for several stages in the breakdown of glucose to provide energy.

Riboflavine is phosphorylated to flavine mononucleotide and flavine adenine dinucleotide which act as co-enzymes in the respiratory chain and in oxidative phosphorylation. Riboflavine deficiency presents with ocular symptoms, as well as lesions on the lips and at angles of the mouth.

Pantothenic acid is incorporated into co-enzyme A and is involved in metabolic pathways involving acetylation which includes detoxification of drug molecules and biosynthesis of cholesterol, steroid hormones, mucopolysaccharides and acetylcholine. CoA has an essential function in lipid metabolism.

Pyridoxine hydrochloride is Vitamin B6. It is converted to pyridoxal phosphate which is the co-enzyme for a variety of metabolic transformations. It is essential for human nutrition.