Sacituzumab govitecan interacts in the following cases:
Exposure to SN-38 may be substantially reduced in patients concomitantly receiving UGT1A1 enzyme inducers. Sacituzumab govitecan should be used with caution in patients receiving UGT1A1 inducers (e.g. carbamazepine, phenytoin, rifampicin, ritonavir, tipranavir).
Concomitant administration of sacituzumab govitecan with inhibitors of UGT1A1 may increase the incidence of adverse reactions due to potential increase in systemic exposure to SN-38. Sacituzumab govitecan should be used with caution in patients receiving UGT1A1 inhibitors (e.g. propofol, ketoconazole, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors).
Sacituzumab govitecan has not been studied in patients with moderate renal impairment, severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease (Creatinine Clearance [CrCl] ≤15 mL/min).
The safety of sacituzumab govitecan in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment has not been established. Sacituzumab govitecan has not been studied in patients with serum bilirubin >1.5 ULN, or AST or ALT >3 ULN in patients without liver metastases, or AST or ALT >5 ULN, in patients with liver metastases. The use of sacituzumab govitecan should be avoided in these patients.
Based on findings in animals, sacituzumab govitecan may impair fertility in females of reproductive potential. No human data on the effect of sacituzumab govitecan on fertility are available.
SN-38 (the small molecule moiety of sacituzumab govitecan) is metabolised via uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT1A1). Genetic variants of the UGT1A1 gene such as the UGT1A1*28 allele lead to reduced UGT1A1 enzyme activity. Individuals who are homozygous for UGT1A1*28 allele are potentially at increased risk for neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, and anaemia and may be at increased risk for other adverse reactions following initiation of sacituzumab govitecan treatment. Approximately 20% of the Black population, 10% of the White population, and 2% of the East Asian population are homozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele. Decreased function alleles other than UGT1A1*28 may be present in certain populations. Patients with known reduced UGT1A1 activity should be closely monitored for adverse reactions. When unknown, no testing of UGT1A1 status is required as the management of adverse reactions including the recommended dose modifications will be the same for all patients.
There are no available data on the use of sacituzumab govitecan in pregnant women. However, based on its mechanism of action, sacituzumab govitecan can cause teratogenicity and/or embryo-foetal lethality when administered during pregnancy. Sacituzumab govitecan contains a genotoxic component, SN-38, and targets rapidly dividing cells.
Sacituzumab govitecan should not be used during pregnancy unless the clinical condition of the woman requires treatment with sacituzumab govitecan.
The pregnancy status of women of childbearing potential should be verified prior to the initiation of sacituzumab govitecan.
Women who become pregnant must immediately contact their doctor.
It is unknown whether sacituzumab govitecan or its metabolites are excreted in human milk. A risk to breastfed newborns/infants cannot be excluded. Breast-feeding should be discontinued during treatment with sacituzumab govitecan and for 1 month after the last dose.
Women of childbearing potential have to use effective contraception during treatment and for 6 months after the last dose. Male patients with female partners of childbearing potential have to use effective contraception during treatment with sacituzumab govitecan and for 3 months after the last dose.
Based on findings in animals, sacituzumab govitecan may impair fertility in females of reproductive potential. No human data on the effect of sacituzumab govitecan on fertility are available.
Sacituzumab govitecan has minor influence on the ability to drive and use machines, e.g. dizziness, fatigue.
The most frequently reported adverse reactions reported in patients treated with sacituzumab govitecan were: diarrhoea (64.5%), nausea (64.2%), neutropenia (64.2%), fatigue (52.5%), alopecia (44.3%), anaemia (43.2%), vomiting (38.0%), constipation (36.3%), decreased appetite (28.1%), cough (22.7%), and abdominal pain (20.8%).
The most frequently reported serious adverse reactions reported in patients treated with sacituzumab govitecan were febrile neutropenia (4.5%) and diarrhoea (3.6%).
The most common grade 3 or higher adverse reactions were neutropenia (49.5%), leukopenia (12.0%), diarrhoea (10.7%), anaemia (10.1%), febrile neutropenia (6.6%), fatigue (5.2%), hypophosphataemia (5.2%), nausea (4.1%) and vomiting (3.0%).
The safety profile for sacituzumab govitecan is derived from pooled data from two clinical studies involving 366 patients who received sacituzumab govitecan 10 mg/kg body weight for the treatment of TNBC. The median exposure to sacituzumab govitecan in this data set was 4.9 months.
The table below presents adverse reactions reported with sacituzumab govitecan. The adverse reaction frequencies are based on all-cause adverse event frequencies, where a proportion of the events for an adverse reaction may have other causes than sacituzumab govitecan, such as the disease, other medicinal products or unrelated causes. The severity of adverse drug reactions was assessed based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), defining grade 1 = mild, grade 2 = moderate, grade 3 = severe, grade 4 = life threatening, and 5 = death.
Adverse reactions are listed by System Organ Class and frequency category. Frequency categories are defined as: very common (≥1/10); common (≥1/100 to <1/10); uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100); rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000); very rare (<1/10,000); and not known (cannot be estimated from the available data). Within each frequency grouping, adverse reactions are presented in decreasing order of all severity grade frequencies.
List of adverse reactions:
| MedDRA System organ class | All severity grades Frequency | All severity grades (%) n=366 | Severity grade ≥3 (%) n=366 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Infections and infestations | |||
| Urinary tract infection | Very common | 15.3 | 1.1 |
| Upper respiratory tract infection | Very common | 13.1 | 0.3 |
| Nasopharyngitis | Common | 5.2 | 0.0 |
| Sinusitis | Common | 4.4 | 0.0 |
| Bronchitis | Common | 3.8 | 0.3 |
| Influenza | Common | 2.5 | 0.5 |
| Oral herpes | Common | 2.5 | 0.0 |
| Blood and lymphatic system disorders | |||
| Neutropenia | Very common | 64.2 | 49.5 |
| Anaemia | Very common | 43.2 | 10.1 |
| Leukopenia | Very common | 19.4 | 12.0 |
| Lymphopenia | Very common | 10.9 | 2.5 |
| Febrile neutropenia | Common | 6.6 | 6.6 |
| Immune system disorders | |||
| Hypersensitivity1 | Very common | 36.6 | 1.9 |
| Metabolism and nutrition disorders | |||
| Decreased appetite | Very common | 28.1 | 1.4 |
| Hypokalaemia | Very common | 16.7 | 2.5 |
| Hypomagnesaemia | Very common | 15.0 | 0.3 |
| Hyperglycaemia | Very common | 11.7 | 1.6 |
| Hypophosphataemia | Common | 8.7 | 5.2 |
| Hypocalcaemia | Common | 7.1 | 0.8 |
| Psychiatric disorders | |||
| Insomnia | Very common | 11.7 | 0.0 |
| Anxiety | Common | 6.3 | 0.3 |
| Nervous system disorders | |||
| Headache | Very common | 19.4 | 0.8 |
| Dizziness | Very common | 13.7 | 0.0 |
| Dysgeusia | Common | 9.0 | 0.0 |
| Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | |||
| Cough | Very common | 22.7 | 0.0 |
| Rhinorrhoea | Common | 6.6 | 0.0 |
| Nasal congestion | Common | 6.0 | 0.0 |
| Epistaxis | Common | 5.2 | 0.0 |
| Dyspnoea exertional | Common | 4.1 | 0.0 |
| Productive cough | Common | 3.8 | 0.0 |
| Upper airway cough syndrome | Common | 2.7 | 0.0 |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | |||
| Diarrhoea | Very common | 64.5 | 10.7 |
| Nausea | Very common | 64.2 | 4.1 |
| Vomiting | Very common | 38.0 | 3.0 |
| Constipation | Very common | 36.3 | 0.5 |
| Abdominal pain | Very common | 20.8 | 2.2 |
| Stomatitis | Common | 9.6 | 0.8 |
| Abdominal pain upper | Common | 6.8 | 0.3 |
| Gastrooesophageal reflux disease | Common | 5.7 | 0.0 |
| Abdominal distension | Common | 5.5 | 0.0 |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | |||
| Alopecia | Very common | 44.3 | 0.0 |
| Rash | Very common | 15.8 | 1.1 |
| Pruritus | Very common | 12.0 | 0.0 |
| Dry Skin | Common | 9.0 | 0.0 |
| Rash maculopapular | Common | 6.8 | 0.0 |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | |||
| Back pain | Very common | 18.3 | 0.8 |
| Arthralgia | Very common | 13.7 | 0.3 |
| Musculoskeletal chest pain | Common | 6.3 | 0.0 |
| Muscle spasms | Common | 5.2 | 0.0 |
| Renal and urinary disorders | |||
| Dysuria | Common | 4.4 | 0.3 |
| Haematuria | Common | 2.7 | 0.3 |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | |||
| Fatigue | Very common | 52.5 | 5.2 |
| Pain | Common | 7.1 | 0.8 |
| Chills | Common | 5.5 | 0.0 |
| Investigations | |||
| Weight decreased | Very common | 10.1 | 0.0 |
| Blood alkaline phosphatase increased | Common | 8.5 | 1.4 |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged | Common | 4.1 | 0.5 |
1 Hypersensitivity events reported up to the end of the day after treatment was administered. Includes events coded to the following preferred terms: dyspnoea; hypotension; flushing; erythema; chest discomfort; wheezing; oedema; urticaria; anaphylactic reaction; mouth ulceration; skin exfoliation; swollen tongue; throat tightness.
The median time to onset of neutropenia following the start of the first treatment cycle was 15 days. The median duration of neutropenia was 8 days.
Neutropenia occurred in 64.2% (235/366) of patients treated with sacituzumab govitecan, including Grade 3-4 neutropenia in 49.5% of patients. Neutropenia was the reason for dose reduction in 6.3% (23/366) of patients. Febrile neutropenia occurred in 6.6% (24/366) of patients treated with sacituzumab govitecan. Febrile neutropenia was the reason for dose reduction in 1.9% (7/366) of patients.
The incidence of Grade 3-4 neutropenia was 57% (40/70) in patients homozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele, 47% (115/246) in patients heterozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele, and 45% (117/261) in patients homozygous for the wild-type allele. The incidence of Grade 3-4 febrile neutropenia was 19% (13/70) in patients homozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele, 4% (10/246) in patients heterozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele, and 4% (10/261) in patients homozygous for the wild-type allele. The incidence of Grade 3-4 anaemia was 24% (17/70) in patients homozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele, 8% (20/246) in patients heterozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele, and 10% (26/261) in patients homozygous for the wild-type allele.
The median time to onset of diarrhoea following the start of the first treatment cycle was 13 days. The median duration of diarrhoea was 8 days.
Diarrhoea occurred in 64.5% (236/366) of patients treated with sacituzumab govitecan. Grade 3 events occurred in 10.7% (39/366) of patients. One of 366 patients (<1%) discontinued treatment because of diarrhoea. Neutropenic colitis was observed in <1% (1/366) of patients.
Hypersensitivity reactions reported up to the end of the day following dosing occurred in 36.6% (134/366) of patients treated with sacituzumab govitecan. Grade 3 and above hypersensitivity occurred in 1.9% (7/366) of patients treated with sacituzumab govitecan. The incidence of hypersensitivity reactions leading to permanent discontinuation of sacituzumab govitecan was 0.3% (1/366).
Available data are limited. Thus, no conclusion can be drawn on the impact of treatment-emergent anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) on the efficacy and safety of sacituzumab govitecan.
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