Sodium iodide ¹³¹I Other names: Sodium Iodide I-131

Chemical formula: I-  Molecular mass: 130.907 g/mol  PubChem compound: 167195

Mechanism of action

Iodide is actively transported by the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) protein, in thyroid follicular cells. Iodide is concentrated in follicular cells to levels up to 50 times higher than in the plasma. Iodide is metabolically oxidized by thyroid peroxidase to iodinium (I+) which in turn iodinates tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin (tri or tetra-iodinated tyrosine). The beta emission of I 131 is responsible for the therapeutic effect.

Pharmacodynamic properties

The relationship between the extent of iodide I 131 exposure and pharmacologic effects has not been explored in clinical trials.

Pharmacokinetic properties

Absorption

Following oral administration of sodium iodide I 131, 90% of the administered radioactivity of Iodide I 131 is systemically absorbed in the first 60 minutes.

Distribution

Following absorption, I 131 is distributed within the extra-cellular space. It is actively transported by the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) protein, and binds to thyroglobulin resulting in accumulation in the thyroid. The thyroid uptake of iodide is usually increased in hyperthyroidism and in goiter, and is decreased in hypothyroidism. Sodium Iodide I 131 also accumulates in the stomach, choroid plexus, salivary glands, breast, liver, gall bladder, and kidneys.

Elimination

Metabolism

In thyroidal follicular cells iodide is oxidized through the action of thyroid peroxidase to iodinium (I+) which in turn iodinates tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin.

Excretion

Sodium iodide I 131 is excreted in urine and feces. The normal range of urinary excretion is 37% to 75% of the administered dose, varying with the thyroid and renal function of the patient. Fecal excretion is about 10%.

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