COMETRIQ Capsule Ref.[27457] Active ingredients: Cabozantinib

5.1 Perforations and Fistulas

Gastrointestinal (GI) perforations and fistulas, including fatal cases, were reported in 3% and 1% of COMETRIQ-treated patients (N=214), respectively. Non-GI fistulas including tracheal/esophageal, including fatal cases, were reported in 4% of COMETRIQ-treated patients.

Monitor patients for symptoms of perforations and fistulas, including abscess and sepsis. Discontinue COMETRIQ in patients who experience a Grade 4 fistula or a GI perforation [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].

5.2 Hemorrhage

Severe and fatal hemorrhage occurred with COMETRIQ. The incidence of Grade ≥ 3 hemorrhagic events was higher in COMETRIQ-treated patients compared with placebo (3% vs. 1%).

Discontinue COMETRIQ for Grade 3 or 4 hemorrhage [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)]. Do not administer COMETRIQ to patients with a recent history of hemorrhage, including hemoptysis, hematemesis, or melena.

5.3 Thrombotic Events

COMETRIQ increased the incidence of thrombotic events (venous thromboembolism: 6% vs. 3% and arterial thromboembolism: 2% vs. 0% in COMETRIQ-treated and placebo-treated patients, respectively).

Discontinue COMETRIQ in patients who develop an acute myocardial infarction or arterial or venous thromboembolic events that require medical intervention [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].

5.4 Impaired Wound Healing

Wound complications have been reported with COMETRIQ. Withhold COMETRIQ for at least 3 weeks prior to elective surgery. Do not administer COMETRIQ for at least 2 weeks after major surgery and until adequate wound healing. The safety of resumption of COMETRIQ after resolution of wound healing complications has not been established.

5.5 Hypertension and Hypertensive Crisis

COMETRIQ can an increase the incidence of treatment-emergent hypertension with Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (modified JNC criteria) stage 1 or 2 hypertension identified in 61% in COMETRIQ-treated patients compared with 30% of placebo-treated patients in the randomized trial [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

Do not initiate COMETRIQ in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Monitor blood pressure regularly during COMETRIQ treatment. Withhold COMETRIQ for hypertension that is not adequately controlled with medical management; when controlled, resume COMETRIQ at a reduced dose. Discontinue COMETRIQ for severe hypertension that cannot be controlled with anti-hypertensive therapy and for hypertensive crisis [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].

5.6 Osteonecrosis of the Jaw

Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) occurred in 1% of COMETRIQ-treated patients. ONJ can manifest as jaw pain, osteomyelitis, osteitis, bone erosion, tooth or periodontal infection, toothache, gingival ulceration or erosion, persistent jaw pain or slow healing of the mouth or jaw after dental surgery. Perform an oral examination prior to initiation of COMETRIQ and periodically during COMETRIQ therapy. Advise patients regarding good oral hygiene practices. Withhold COMETRIQ treatment for at least 3 weeks prior to scheduled dental surgery, or invasive dental procedures, if possible. Withhold COMETRIQ for development of ONJ until complete resolution [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].

5.7 Diarrhea

Diarrhea occurred in 63% of patients treated with COMETRIQ. Grade 3-4 diarrhea occurred in 16% of patients treated with COMETRIQ [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

Withhold COMETRIQ until improvement to Grade 1 and resume COMETRIQ at a reduced dose for intolerable Grade 2 diarrhea, Grade 3 diarrhea that cannot be managed with standard antidiarrheal treatments, or Grade 4 diarrhea.

5.8 Palmar-Plantar Erythrodysesthesia

Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE) occurred in 50% of patients treated with COMETRIQ, including 13% Grade 3 [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

Withhold COMETRIQ until improvement to Grade 1 and resume COMETRIQ at a reduced dose for intolerable Grade 2 PPE or Grade 3 PPE.

5.9 Proteinuria

Proteinuria was observed in 2% of patients receiving COMETRIQ, including one with nephrotic syndrome. Monitor urine protein regularly during COMETRIQ treatment. Discontinue COMETRIQ in patients who develop nephrotic syndrome.

5.10 Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome

Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome (RPLS), a syndrome of subcortical vasogenic edema diagnosed by characteristic finding on MRI, occurred in one (<1%) patient. Perform an evaluation for RPLS in any patient presenting with seizures, headache, visual disturbances, confusion or altered mental function. Discontinue COMETRIQ in patients who develop RPLS [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].

5.11 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity

Based on data from animal studies and its mechanism of action, COMETRIQ can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Cabozantinib administration to pregnant animals during organogenesis resulted in embryolethality at exposures below those occurring clinically at the recommended dose, and in increased incidences of skeletal variations in rats and visceral variations and malformations in rabbits. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with COMETRIQ and for 4 months after the last dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1), (8.3), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)].

The following clinically significant adverse reactions are discussed elsewhere in the labeling:

• Perforations and Fistula [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
• Hemorrhage [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]
• Thromboembolic Events [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]
• Impaired Wound Healing [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]
• Hypertension and Hypertensive Crisis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]
• Osteonecrosis of the Jaw [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)]
• Diarrhea [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)]
• Palmar-Plantar Erythrodysesthesia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)]
• Proteinuria [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)]
• Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10)]

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

The safety of COMETRIQ was evaluated in 330 patients with progressive metastatic medullary thyroid cancer randomized to receive 140 mg COMETRIQ (n=214) or placebo (n=109) administered daily until disease progression or intolerable toxicity in a randomized, doubleblind, controlled trial (Study 1) [see Clinical Studies (14)]. The data described below reflect a median exposure to COMETRIQ for 204 days. The population exposed to COMETRIQ was 70% male, 90% white, and had a median age of 55 years.

Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 6% of patients receiving COMETRIQ and resulted from hemorrhage, pneumonia, septicemia, fistulas, cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, and unspecified death. Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 5% of patients receiving placebo and resulted from septicemia, pneumonia, and general deterioration.

The COMETRIQ dose was reduced in 79% of patients receiving COMETRIQ and in 9% of patients receiving placebo. The median number of dosing delays was one in patients receiving COMETRIQ and in no patients receiving placebo. Adverse reactions led to study treatment discontinuation in 16% of patients receiving COMETRIQ. The most frequent adverse reactions leading to permanent discontinuation of COMETRIQ were: hypocalcemia, increased lipase, PPE, diarrhea, fatigue, hypertension, nausea, pancreatitis, tracheal fistula formation and vomiting.

Increased levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were observed in 57% of patients receiving COMETRIQ after the first dose compared to 19% of patients receiving placebo (regardless of baseline value). Ninety-two percent (92%) of patients on the COMETRIQ arm had a prior thyroidectomy, and 89% were taking thyroid hormone replacement prior to the first dose.

Adverse reactions which occurred in ≥25% of COMETRIQ-treated patients occurring more frequently in the COMETRIQ arm with a between-arm difference of ≥5% included, in order of decreasing frequency: diarrhea, stomatitis, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE), decreased weight, decreased appetite, nausea, fatigue, oral pain, hair color changes, dysgeusia, hypertension, abdominal pain, and constipation. The most common laboratory abnormalities (≥25%) were increased AST, increased ALT, lymphopenia, increased ALP, hypocalcemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hypophosphatemia, and hyperbilirubinemia. Grade 3-4 adverse reactions and laboratory abnormalities which occurred in ≥5% of COMETRIQ-treated patients occurring more frequently in the COMETRIQ arm with a between-arm difference of ≥2% included, in order of decreasing frequency; diarrhea, PPES, lymphopenia, hypocalcemia, fatigue, hypertension, asthenia, increased ALT, decreased weight, stomatitis, and decreased appetite (Table 1 and Table 2 summarize the adverse reactions and laboratory abnormalities reported in Study 1).

Table 1. Selected Adverse Reactions Occurring at a Higher Incidence in COMETRIQ-Treated Patients (Study 1) [Between Arm Difference of ≥5% (All Grades)* or ≥2% (Grades 3-4)]:

^* National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 3.0
^† Includes the following terms: stomatitis, aphthous stomatitis, mouth ulceration, mucosal inflammation
^‡ Includes the following terms: oral pain, oropharyngeal pain, glossitis, burning mouth syndrome, glossodynia
^§ Includes the following terms: abdominal pain, abdominal pain lower, abdominal pain upper, abdominal rigidity, abdominal tenderness, esophageal pain
^¶ Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia

Table 2. Laboratory Abnormalities Occurring at a Higher Incidence in COMETRIQ-Treated Patients (Study 1) [Between Arm Difference of ≥5% (All Grades) or ≥2% (Grades 3-4)]:

ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase

Nearly all COMETRIQ-treated patients (96% vs. 84% placebo) experienced elevated blood pressure and there was a doubling in the incidence of overt hypertension in COMETRIQ-treated patients over placebo-treated patients (61% vs. 30%) according to modified Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC) staging criteria. No patients developed malignant hypertension.

Table 3. Per-Patient Incidence of Hypertension (Study 1):

^* Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, JAMA 2003: 289:2560. Criteria applied were modified, as multiple readings were not available per timepoint, and therefore not averaged.
^† Patients classified by highest category based on all recorded blood pressure readings beginning after the first dose through 30 days after last dose.
^‡ Patients with at least two blood pressure measurements after the first dose

Other clinically important adverse reactions (all grades) that were reported in clinical trials include: hepatitis cholestatic (<1%).

The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of COMETRIQ. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Hematology: A case of supratherapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) and epistaxis during concomitant use of warfarin

Vascular Disorders: Arterial (including aortic) aneurysms, dissections, and rupture

7.1 Effect of CYP3A4 Inhibitors

Administration of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, ketoconazole to healthy subjects increased single-dose plasma cabozantinib exposure by 38%. Avoid taking a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, clarithromycin, atazanavir, indinavir, nefazodone, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, telithromycin, voriconazole) while taking COMETRIQ or reduce the dosage of COMETRIQ if concomitant use with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors cannot be avoided [see Dosage and Administration (2.2), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Avoid ingestion of foods (e.g., grapefruit, grapefruit juice) or nutritional supplements that are known to inhibit cytochrome P450 while taking COMETRIQ.

7.2 Effect of CYP3A4 Inducers

Administration of a strong CYP3A4 inducer, rifampin to healthy subjects decreased single-dose plasma cabozantinib exposure by 77%. Avoid chronic co-administration of strong CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifampin, rifabutin, rifapentine, phenobarbital, St. John’s Wort) with COMETRIQ or increase the dosage of COMETRIQ if concomitant use with strong CYP3A4 inducers cannot be avoided [see Dosage and Administration (2.2), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

7.3 Effect of MRP2 Inhibitors

Concomitant administration of MRP2 inhibitors may increase the exposure to cabozantinib. Monitor patients for increased toxicity when MRP2 inhibitors (e.g., abacavir, adefovir, cidofovir, furosemide, lamivudine, nevirapine, ritonavir, probenecid, saquinavir, and tenofovir) are co-administered with COMETRIQ [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Risk Summary

Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action, COMETRIQ can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)]. There are no available data in pregnant women to inform the drug-associated risk. In animal developmental and reproductive toxicology studies administration of cabozantinib to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis resulted in embryofetal lethality and structural anomalies at exposures that were below those occurring clinically at the recommended dose (see Data). Advise pregnant women or women of childbearing potential of the potential hazard to a fetus.

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.

Data

Animal Data

In an embryo-fetal development study in pregnant rats, daily oral administration of cabozantinib throughout organogenesis caused increased embryo-fetal lethality compared to controls at a dose of 0.03 mg/kg (less than 1% of the human exposure by AUC at the 140 mg dose). Findings included delayed ossifications and skeletal variations at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.03% of the human exposure by AUC at the 140 mg dose).

In pregnant rabbits, daily oral administration of cabozantinib throughout organogenesis resulted in findings of visceral malformations and variations including reduced spleen size and missing lung lobe at 3 mg/kg (approximately 11% of the human exposure by AUC at the 140 mg dose).

In a pre- and postnatal study in rats, cabozantinib was administered orally from gestation day 10 through postnatal day 20. Cabozantinib did not produce adverse maternal toxicity or affect pregnancy, parturition or lactation of female rats, and did not affect the survival, growth or postnatal development of the offspring at doses up to 0.3 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.02 times the recommended clinical dose of 140 mg based on body surface area).

Risk Summary

There is no information regarding the presence of cabozantinib or its metabolites in human milk, or their effects on the breastfed infant, or milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in a breastfed infant from COMETRIQ, advise a lactating woman not to breastfeed during treatment with COMETRIQ and for 4 months after the final dose.

Pregnancy Testing

Verify the pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential prior to initiating COMETRIQ [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

Contraception

COMETRIQ can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

Females

Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with COMETRIQ and for 4 months after the final dose.

Infertility

Females and Males

Based on findings in animals, COMETRIQ may impair fertility in females and males of reproductive potential [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)].

The safety and effectiveness of COMETRIQ in pediatric patients have not been studied.

Juvenile Animal Toxicity Data

Juvenile rats were administered cabozantinib daily at doses of 1 or 2 mg/kg/day from Postnatal Day 12 (comparable to less than 2 years in humans) through Postnatal Day 35 or 70. Mortalities occurred at doses equal and greater than 1 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.07 times the clinical dose of 140 mg/day based on body surface area). Hypoactivity was observed at both doses tested on Postnatal Day 22. Targets were generally similar to those seen in adult animals, occurred at both doses, and included the kidney (nephropathy, glomerulonephritis), reproductive organs, gastrointestinal tract (cystic dilatation and hyperplasia in Brunner’s gland and inflammation of duodenum; and epithelial hyperplasia of colon and cecum), bone marrow (hypocellularity and lymphoid depletion), and liver. Tooth abnormalities and whitening as well as effects on bones including reduced bone mineral content and density, physeal hypertrophy, and decreased cortical bone also occurred at all dose levels. Recovery was not assessed at the 2 mg/kg dose level (approximately 0.14 times the clinical dose of 140 mg based on body surface area) due to high levels of mortality. At the low dose level, effects on bone parameters were partially resolved but effects on the kidney and epididymis/testis persisted after treatment ceased.

Clinical studies of COMETRIQ did not include sufficient numbers of patients aged 65 years and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients.

Dosage adjustment is not required in patients with mild or moderate renal impairment. There is no experience with COMETRIQ in patients with severe renal impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Increased exposure to cabozantinib has been observed in patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment. Reduce the starting dose of COMETRIQ in patients with mild (Child-Pugh score (C-P) A) or moderate (C-P B) hepatic impairment. COMETRIQ is not recommended for use in patients with severe hepatic impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.5), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].