Source: Registered Drug Product Database (NG) Revision Year: 2021 Publisher: Nemel Pharmaceuticals Limited, Plot 35, Emene Industrial Layout, Enugu, Neigeria
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Anti-bacterials for systemic use
ATC code: J01XD01
Metronidazole has antiprotozoal and antibacterial actions and is effective against Trichomonas vaginalis and other protozoa including Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia and against anaerobic bacteria.
Metronidazole is rapidly and almost completely absorbed on administration of Nemegyl tablets; peak plasma concentrations occur after 20 min to 3 hours.
The half-life of metronidazole is 8.5 ± 2.9 hours. Metronidazole can be used in chronic renal failure; it is rapidly removed from the plasma by dialysis. Metronidazole is excreted in milk but the intake of a suckling infant of a mother receiving normal dosage would be considerably less than the therapeutic dosage for infants.
Metronidazole has been shown to be carcinogenic in the mouse and in the rat following chronic oral administration however similar studies in the hamster have given negative results. Epidemiological studies have provided no clear evidence of an increased carcinogenic risk in humans.
Metronidazole has been shown to be mutagenic in bacteria in vitro. In studies conducted in mammalian cells in vitro as well as in rodent or humans in vivo, there was inadequate evidence of a mutagenic effect of metronidazole, with some studies reporting mutagenic effects, while other studies were negative.
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