Metformin

Chemical formula: C₄H₁₁N₅  Molecular mass: 129.164 g/mol  PubChem compound: 4091

Therapeutic indications

Metformin is indicated for:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Population group: only children (1 year - 12 years old) , adolescents (12 years - 18 years old) , adults (18 years old or older)

Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in overweight patients, when dietary management and exercise alone does not result in adequate glycaemic control.

  • In adults, metformin may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other oral anti-diabetic agents or with insulin.
  • In children from 10 years of age and adolescents, metformin hydrochloride may be used as monotherapy or in combination with insulin.

A reduction of diabetic complications has been shown in overweight type 2 diabetic adult patients treated with metformin as first-line therapy after diet failure.

For this indication, competent medicine agencies globally authorize below treatments (click for details):

Contraindications

Metformin is contraindicated in the following cases:

Iodinated contrast media

X-ray contrast media, iodinated

Surgery

at least one of
Surgical procedure
General anesthesia
Spinal block
Epidural anesthesia

Diabetic pre-coma

Diabetic coma with ketoacidosis

Acute metabolic acidosis

Metabolic acidosis

Severe renal failure

at least one of

Renal failure stage 5: Kidney failure (GFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m2 or dialysis)

Shock

Shock

Dehydration

Dehydration

Decompensated heart failure

Decompensated cardiac failure

Respiratory failure

Respiratory failure

Recent myocardial infarction

at least one of
Recent myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction

Alcoholism

Alcoholism

Acute alcohol intoxication

Alcohol intoxication

Hepatic insufficiency

Hepatic insufficiency

Severe infection

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Factors such as age, gender, and health history are evaluated to create a personalized medication regimen.

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