Ulinastatin

Sepsis is defined as a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in the presence of, or as a result of, suspected or proven infection. Severe sepsis is defined as sepsis with one of the following features: cardiovascular organ dysfunction, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), or dysfunction of two or more organs. There is a continuum of clinical manifestations from SIRS to sepsis to severe sepsis to septic shock to Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS).

The diagnosis of mild and severe acute pancreatitis requires 2 of the following 3 features: 1) upper abdominal pain of acute onset often radiating through to the back, 2) serum amylase or lipase activity greater than 3 times normal, and 3) findings on cross-sectional abdominal imaging consistent with acute pancreatitis. In the early phase, which lasts only a week or so, the systemic manifestations are related to the host response to the cytokine cascade, which manifests as SIRS and/or the compensatory anti-inflammatory syndrome (CARS) that can predispose to infection. When SIRS or CARS persist, organ failure sets in. The late phase of acute pancreatitis, which can persist for weeks to months, is characterized by systemic signs of ongoing inflammation, local and systemic complications, and/or by transient or persistent organ failure.