ATC Group: M02AA Antiinflammatory preparations, non-steroids for topical use

The World Health Organization's ATC classification organizes medical drugs based on therapeutic properties, chemical composition, and anatomy. It helps make essential medicines readily available globally and is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry.

Position of M02AA in the ATC hierarchy

Level Code Title
1 M Musculo-skeletal system
2 M02 Topical products for joint and muscular pain
3 M02A Topical products for joint and muscular pain
4 M02AA Antiinflammatory preparations, non-steroids for topical use

Group M02AA contents

Code Title
M02AA01 Phenylbutazone
M02AA02 Mofebutazone
M02AA03 Clofezone
M02AA04 Oxyphenbutazone
M02AA05 Benzydamine
M02AA06 Etofenamate
M02AA07 Piroxicam
M02AA08 Felbinac
M02AA09 Bufexamac
M02AA10 Ketoprofen
M02AA11 Bendazac
M02AA12 Naproxen
M02AA13 Ibuprofen
M02AA14 Fentiazac
M02AA15 Diclofenac
M02AA16 Feprazone
M02AA17 Niflumic acid
M02AA18 Meclofenamic acid
M02AA19 Flurbiprofen
M02AA21 Tolmetin
M02AA22 Suxibuzone
M02AA23 Indometacin
M02AA24 Nifenazone
M02AA25 Aceclofenac
M02AA26
M02AA27
M02AA28
M02AA29
M02AA31

Active ingredients in M02AA

Active Ingredient Description
Aceclofenac

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal agent with marked anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The mode of action of aceclofenac is largely based on the inhibition to prostaglandin synthesis. Aceclofenac is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase, which is involved in the production of prostaglandins.

Bendazac
Benzydamine

Benzydamine exerts an anti-inflammatory and analgesic action by stabilising the cellular membrane and inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.

Clofezone
Dexketoprofen

Dexketoprofen belongs to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory group of drugs. The mechanism of action of Dexketoprofen is related to the reduction of prostaglandin synthesis by the inhibition of cyclooxygenase pathway. Furthermore, the inhibition of the synthesis of prostaglandins could affect other inflammation mediators such as kinins, causing an indirect action which would be additional to the direct action.

Diclofenac

Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The mechanism of action of diclofenac in AK may be related to the inhibition of the cycloxygenase pathway leading to reduced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis. In addition, immunohistochemistry (IHC) from skin biopsies ac revealed that the clinical effects of diclofenac in AK are primarily due to anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and possibly anti-proliferative effects and apoptosis-inducing mechanisms.

Esflurbiprofen
Etofenamate

Etofenamate is a flufenamic acid derivative, which is readily transported through the skin and concentrated in inflamed tissue, where it exerts anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects by inhibiting the release of histamine, lysosomal enzymes and prostaglandin.

Felbinac

Felbinac is an active metabolite of fenbufen, belonging to the family of medicines known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It is used as a gel for local treatment of pain and inflammation associated with conditions of the musculo-skeletal system.

Flurbiprofen

Flurbiprofen is a propionic acid derivative NSAID which acts through inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. In humans flurbiprofen has potent analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties.

Ibuprofen

Ibuprofen is a propionic acid derivative NSAID that has demonstrated its efficacy by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. In humans ibuprofen reduces inflammatory pain, swellings and fever. Furthermore, ibuprofen reversibly inhibits platelet aggregation.

Indometacin

Indometacin has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects, it is an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase.

Ketoprofen

Ketoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It has anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions.

Loxoprofen

Loxoprofen has excellent analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties, with particularly potent pain-relieving activity. This drug is a prodrug which is biotransformed into an active metabolite trans-OH form (SRS coordination) to exert its actions. Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis constitutes the mechanism of action of loxoprofen, the site of action being cyclo-oxygenase.

Meclofenamic acid
Naproxen

Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic compound with antipyretic properties as has been demonstrated in classical animal test systems. Naproxen exhibits its anti-inflammatory effect even in adrenalectomised animals, indicating that its action is not mediated through the pituitary-adrenal axis.

Niflumic acid

Niflumic acid is an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Nimesulide

Nimesulide is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic and antipyretic properties which acts as an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis enzyme cyclo-oxygenase. Cyclo-oxygenase produces prostaglandins, some of them being implicated in the development and maintenance of inflammation.

Piketoprofen
Piroxicam

Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic activity. It is effective regardless of the aetiology of the inflammation.

Related product monographs

Title Information Source Document Type  
ACECLOFENAC Film-coated tablet Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (GB) MPI, EU: SmPC
ALMIRAL Gastro-resistant tablet Υπουργείο Υγείας (CY) MPI, EU: SmPC
ALMIRAL Gel Υπουργείο Υγείας (CY) MPI, EU: SmPC
ALMIRAL Solution for injection / infusion Υπουργείο Υγείας (CY) MPI, EU: SmPC
ALMIRAL Suppositories Υπουργείο Υγείας (CY) MPI, EU: SmPC
ETOFLAM Gel Health Products Regulatory Authority (IE) MPI, EU: SmPC
FASTUM Gel Υπουργείο Υγείας (CY) MPI, EU: SmPC
FELDENE Capsule, FELDENE D Tablet Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (AU) MPI, EU: SmPC
FENBID 10% w/w Gel Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (GB) MPI, EU: SmPC
FENBID 5% w/w Gel Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (GB) MPI, EU: SmPC
FENBID FORTE 10% Gel Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (GB) MPI, EU: SmPC
FLECTOR Patch FDA, National Drug Code (US) MPI, US: SPL/PLR
FLOGOPROFEN Gel / Cutaneous spray solution Medicines Authority (MT) MPI, EU: SmPC
IBUCALM Coated tablet Web Search MPI, EU: SmPC
IBUGEL Gel Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (GB) MPI, EU: SmPC
IBULEVE Gel Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (GB) MPI, EU: SmPC
INDOCID Capsules Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (GB) MPI, EU: SmPC
INDOCID Suppositories Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (GB) MPI, EU: SmPC
ITAMI Medicated plaster Health Products Regulatory Authority (IE) MPI, EU: SmPC
MESULID Tablet MPI, EU: SmPC
NAPROSYN Tablet Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (GB) MPI, EU: SmPC
NUROFEN Coated tablet Health Products Regulatory Authority (IE) MPI, EU: SmPC
NUROFEN DURANCE Medicated plaster Health Products Regulatory Authority (IE) MPI, EU: SmPC
PEDEA Solution for injection European Medicines Agency (EU) MPI, EU: SmPC
PENNSAID Topical solution Health Products and Food Branch (CA) MPI, CA: SPM
PHORPAIN Gel Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (GB) MPI, EU: SmPC
REMETHAN Gastro-resistant tablet Υπουργείο Υγείας (CY) MPI, EU: SmPC
REMETHAN Gel Υπουργείο Υγείας (CY) MPI, EU: SmPC
REMETHAN Prolonged-release tablet Υπουργείο Υγείας (CY) MPI, EU: SmPC
REMETHAN Suppository Υπουργείο Υγείας (CY) MPI, EU: SmPC
TRAUMON Gel Medicines Authority (MT) MPI, EU: SmPC
TRAXAM Cutaneous foam Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (GB) MPI, EU: SmPC
VOLTAROL Medicated Plaster Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (GB) MPI, EU: SmPC
VOLTAROL OPTHA MULTIDOSE Eye drops solution Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (GB) MPI, EU: SmPC
VOLTAROL PAIN-EZE EMULGEL Gel for topical administration Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (GB) MPI, EU: SmPC
VOLTAROL RAPID Coated tablet Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (GB) MPI, EU: SmPC
VOLTAROL Suppositories Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (GB) MPI, EU: SmPC