Source: Health Products Regulatory Authority (ZA) Revision Year: 2022 Publisher: PHARMACARE LIMITED, Healthcare Park, Woodlands Drive, Woodmead 2191
Category and class: A 7.3 Migraine preparations
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Other antimigraine preparations
ATC code: N02CX
Clonidine hydrochloride has both central and peripheral action on α2 adrenergic receptors. It reduces vascular responses to vasoconstrictor as well as vasodilator stimuli.
Clonidine is well absorbed after oral administration, and bioavailability is nearly 100%.
The peak concentration in plasma and the maximal hypotensive effect are observed 1 to 3 hours after an oral dose.
About half of an administered dose can be recovered unchanged in the urine, and the half-life of clonidine may increase with renal failure.
The elimination half-life of clonidine ranges from 6 to 24 hours, with a mean of about 12 hours.
There were also two small paediatric studies in migraine, neither of which demonstrated efficacy. In the paediatric studies the most frequent adverse events were drowsiness, dry mouth, headache, dizziness and insomnia. These adverse events might have serious impact on daily functioning in paediatric patients.
Overall, the safety and efficacy of clonidine in children and adolescents have not been established.
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