Source: Health Products Regulatory Authority (ZA) Revision Year: 2024 Publisher: PHARMACARE LIMITED, Healthcare Park, Woodlands Drive, Woodmead 2191
Category and Class: A 2.8 Analgesic combinations
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Codeine and other non-opioid analgesics
ATC code: N02AJ09
Paracetamol has analgesic and antipyretic effects. Ibuprofen has analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities.
Ibuprofen exerts its anti-inflammatory action peripherally in inflamed tissue by reducing prostaglandin activity and by inhibiting synthesis and/or actions of other local mediators of the inflammatory response.
Codeine is metabolised to morphine, which in turn, exerts an analgesic effect.
Absorption following oral administration is rapid and almost complete.
Rapidly absorbed after oral administration.
Readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
Paracetamol has a half-life of 1 to 3 hours, time to peak concentration of 0,5 to 2 hours, time to peak effect of 1 to 3 hours and a duration of action of 3 to 4 hours.
Onset of action for pain relief is 30 minutes and the time for peak effect for fever is 2 to 4 hours. The half-life of ibuprofen is about 2 hours and the duration of action for fever is 6 to 8 hours or more and is 4 to 6 hours for pain.
Half-life is 2,5 to 4 hours. The time to peak effect is 1 to 2 hours. Duration of action is 4 hours.
Paracetamol is metabolised in the liver primarily by conjugation.
Codeine is metabolised in the liver. The cytochrome P450 enzyme 2D6 converts codeine to morphine, one of its metabolites. About 10% of the dose is demethylated to morphine. Onset of action is 30 to 45 minutes.
Paracetamol is renally excreted primarily as metabolites and 3% of a dose may be excreted unchanged.
More than 90% of an ingested dose is excreted in the urine as metabolites or their conjugates.
Codeine is eliminated via the kidneys.
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